') Looking to make the design and manufacturing of your products more agile? TVP - I just realized ... Metal Grain Direction Test? // --> luket (Mechanical) (OP) 9 Dec 09 12:39. Posted By" ">Steve on October 18, 2002 at 16:49:54:. Click Here to join Eng-Tips and talk with other members! FS19 mods - website where you will find a lot of mods of Farming Simulator 19 mods. : I am trying to explain grain direction and need a picture of L, LT & ST to define. The L direction is the direction the aluminum sheet is rolled, therefore the grain axis is aligned with the longest axis of this ellipsoid. ; Close this window and log in. The first letter designates the grain direction normal to the crack plane. The three directions are: longitudinal, long transverse, and short transverse. document.write(' ') First, classically, since many metallic alloys have a very distinct grain structure and alignment, the grain structure is defined in 3 perpendicular directions: L (longitudinal), LT (long transverse) and ST (short transverse). Production breakdowns due to seal and hose problems can cause huge losses. Grain Direction Is Important. Is there a test that can be done to determine grain direction of stainless 301 1/4 hard sheet? A grain flow is a type of sediment-gravity flow in which the supporting fluid, which can be either air or water, acts only as a lubricant, and grains within the flow remain in suspension due to grain-to-grain collisions that generate a dispersive pressure to prevent further settling. Now think about two compact tension specimens, the ASTM standard. I would suggest using the web site below and search using key phrases like "heat treatment of steel affects on fatigue crack propagation", "fatigue crack growth and grain size in steels", etc. < "> Mechanical properties are also used to help classify and identify material. This eBook addresses the missing links that determine success or failure in Digital Transformation and shows how organizations can build a sustainable path forward, with fewer resources, in less time, and with better outcomes. Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Privacy Policy. Grain flows are very common in aeolian settings as grain avalanches on the slip faces of sand dunes. The crystalline lattice structures form during the cooling of the … *Eng-Tips's functionality depends on members receiving e-mail. The energy industry is faced with a tumultuous landscape of challenges that include rising costs and increased market volatility. The grain flow determines the strength of the metal piece. Subject: Re: Grain Direction. The fatigue fracture at that time, in several cases occurred, were very clearly related to these bands. The rolling directions affect the microstructure and texture of Mg-5Li-1Al-0.5Y alloy, thus making influences on the mechanical properties of the alloy. In this white paper, you will learn how real-time 3D technology can enable this optimization at all stages within the energy industry. A wide variety of material grain direction options are available to you, such as usage, type. K(IC) in S-L Direction: Fracture Toughness: 31 MPa-m½: 28.2 ksi-in½ K(IC) in T-L Direction: Fracture Toughness: 35 MPa-m½: 31.9 ksi-in½ K(IC) in L-T Direction: Shear Modulus: 26.9 GPa: 3900 ksi : Shear Strength: 303 MPa: 44000 psi AA; Typical: Electrical Properties These grains vary in size and in orientation but are usually microscopic and their direction is determined by the processing conditions. { The most common properties considered are strength, ductility, hardness, impact resistance, and fracture toughness. A wide variety of material grain direction options are available to you, such as dining room furniture, uv gel. Grain orientation and loading direction per ASTM B769 b. As applied to cloth, the term refers to the way the fibers are woven. If you want to specify the rolling direction on the sawn material, in the example below it will be 300 mm. In any case, the orientation of fibers tends to make the material stiffer in the direction parallel to those fibers, and more flexible and likelier to curl in the direction perpendicular to them. The literature and writing on this subject is almost as expansive as the universe. } About 1% of these are material handling equipment parts, 1% are packaging bags, and 1% are water treatment chemicals. Speaking for aluminum alloys alone, think of the grain as being generally shaped like an ellipsoid, with one axis very long relative to the others, and the two other axes almost equal in dimension. Definition: Forging Flow Lines is a directional orientation of metal grains and any non-metallic inclusions that have been deformed due to forging. A ... if yes, which properties are they - the original L or LT? In metals, atoms are arranged in a crystal structure (it is not just a mess of atoms, the atoms line up in rows). Disclaimer. The changing of rolling directions can refine the grains. Login. Imagine, you’ve got a piece of wood. The Forging Industry recognizes "L" sometimes described as "LG" or longitudinal, LT, long transverse and ST, short transverse grain directions. So, from time to time we need to show the direction of the grain on sheet metal parts. All mods you can download for free. Quality is at the core of everything we do. Every piece of woven fabric has two biases, perpendicular to each other. A grain is a region where the atoms are aligned. This process has a tendency to pull the grain axis in the L direction, therefore elongating it, and squish the grain in the other two directions. Reasons such as off-topic, duplicates, flames, illegal, vulgar, or students posting their homework. If anything, the ST direction axis is usually shorter than the LT direction axis. Therefore, it is customary to specify specimen and crack orientations by an ordered pair of grain direction symbols. If batches of parts are being bent with some against, some with and others diagonal to the grain direction of the steel, each angle and dimension may vary across the entire batch. Base Flange Versus Sheet Stock. The material at the time had a distinc banded structure due to some structural inhomogenity. Alibaba.com offers 833 material grain direction products. About 0% of these are Electronics Chemicals, 0% are Paper Chemicals, and 0% are Leather Auxiliary Agents. One set was stretched to 3-5% in the 0°, 45°, and 90° angle with respect to the original rolling direction. document.write('
In aluminum alloys, it is often very easy to see which direction is which by looking at cut metal under a powerful optical microscope. Am I correct in stating that for a rectanglar bar, L = Longitudinal or actual grain direction, ST = Short Transverse = Thickness and LT = width. There are numerous technical papers on this subject that I believe would help you. Also, the grain looks identical on the 304 and 430 stainless steel, but the protective film may be different colors. The fracture toughness of a material commonly varies with grain direction. I recall it propagates fastest in when you load the coupon in the ST direction, but since there is so little data there (given the difficulty in obtaining coupons in loading such a coupon except when the plate is very thick), I can't say for certain. : Thanks for your help!!! Because these directions have a significant impact on the mechanical properties. The grain is on both sides of the sheet, and run the same direction, but there is only protective film on one side. Most structural materials are anisotropic, which means that their material properties vary with orientation. ; For engineering and manufacturing organizations, the need for digital transformation of product development processes just became more urgent than ever so we wanted to share an eBook that will help you build a practical roadmap for your journey. Grain direction can also refer to The direction in which the greater number of fibers are oriented in paper or board. In this white paper learn how a standards-based, systematic, and automated generative MDD/XIL workflow helps automotive engineers develop their production ECU Verification & Validation (V&V) suites early during software modeling, and reuse them throughout the overall systems engineering project. The bias grain of a piece of woven fabric, usually referred to simply as "the bias", is any grain that falls between the straight and cross grains.When the grain is at 45 degrees to its warp and weft threads it is referred to as "true bias." IT has been generally accepted for some time that the mechanical properties of light alloys varied with the direction of grain, but even in the design of aircraft structures only a slight allowance has been made for this variation. In addition to the new "bounding box" sketch, there is a new option in the property manager for the Flat-Pattern feature: "Grain Direction".You can define a grain direction to use when calculating the bounding box for sheet metal parts. The axis dimension in the two other directions, LT and ST, is much shorter than the L direction. First, classically, since many metallic alloys have a very distinct grain structure and alignment, the grain structure is defined in 3 perpendicular directions: L (longitudinal), … Copyright © 1998-2020 engineering.com, Inc. All rights reserved.Unauthorized reproduction or linking forbidden without expressed written permission. Optimising material utilisation in nest layouts is vital when parts are remaining flat. But this stretching causes the grains to spread, which manifests as cracking on the outside bend radius. If the material is to be hemmed, the protective film will be on the outside, unless it is specified to be different. By joining you are opting in to receive e-mail. Promoting, selling, recruiting, coursework and thesis posting is forbidden. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); © Copyright 2000 - 2020, by Engineers Edge, LLC All rights reserved. Comments: With rectangular forgings, there are three grain directions, which describe the possibilities. In the CAD shop, the Base Flange (as designated in most 3-D CAD modeling packages) makes the … The ST direction is perpendicular to the plane of the plate, in the thickness direction. The three orientations are: the long tranverse … Therefore, we make every effort to deliver high quality products that meet your needs. { For engineered steel pieces, manufacturers and engineers identify the direction of the grain flow to evaluating the … CoryPad (Materials) 11 Dec 09 19:57. Our materials are certified to 3-A Standard 18-03, FDA CFR 21.177 and USP Cl VI. Example of rolling direction indications on sawn material. You’re getting answers that describe electric fields, however you ask about materials. Texture or grain direction must be taken into account for accurate predictions of material behavior and characteristics when forming/bending. Relationship of fatigue and grain direction, Mechanical engineering general discussion Forum, White Paper - Test Reuse Across MIL SIL HIL in a Development Workflow, eBook - How to Remove 5 Obstacles to Digital Transformation, White Paper - Digital Twins and Immersive Technologies in the Energy Industry, eBook - The Future of Product Development is Here. The following article describes the evolution of grain size measurement and ASTM stardard E 112. Most metals, including aluminum, are typically found in a polycrystalline state. They changed to a better material and better controllable heat treatment and the prpblem was solved, without any dimensional changes. 2. Forming with the grain requires less bending force because the material’s ductility is readily stretched. 3. ksi: ... Metallic Materials . Consider the first coupon: the load is in the L direction, the crack grows in the LT direction. if (document.getElementById("tester") != undefined) The software determines the smallest rectangle (bounding box) that aligns with the grain direction to fit the flat pattern. In typical sheet or plate form, a thick billet of aluminum is squeezed or rolled through a machine that squishes the sheet out into whatever thickness desired. Alibaba.com offers 3,239 material grain direction products. The strength of the material is going to vary based on what plate direction (i.e. Polycrystalline materials are solids comprised of a variety of differing crystallites, which are also commonly referred to as the grain of the metal. The grains run parallel to the rolling direction. Forgot one additional web site, which is probably one of the most informative on fatigue of metals; I once examined a case in which several identical high pressures pump failed through fatigue. Thank you for helping keep Eng-Tips Forums free from inappropriate posts.The Eng-Tips staff will check this out and take appropriate action. A metal’s strength is directly related to its grain size; reducing grain size is a common way to improve material strength which often has little to no effect on the material’s toughness. For rounds, you have just two general grain directions. Consider a second coupon: cut so the load is in the LT direction, crack propagates in the L direction. Am I correct in stating that for a rectanglar bar, L = Longitudinal or actual grain direction, ST = Short Transverse = Thickness and LT = width. The literature and writing on this subject is almost as expansive as the universe. RE: Metal Grain Direction Test? For the same load, the crack almost always propagates faster in the second coupon than in the first. Aluminum plate (thickness >.250 inch) has three grain orientations, each with their own strength values. I am trying to explain grain direction and need a picture of L, LT & ST to define. More importantly, non-metallic inclusions, particles and other impurities inherited during the casting process are elongated in the direction of grain flow. If, for example, aluminium bends the wrong way in relation to the rolling direction, there is a risk of breakage on the metal. Join your peers on the Internet's largest technical engineering professional community.It's easy to join and it's free. Select the category, browse and download your favourite mod. So let me try to formulate an answer in a different way. [ Home ][ Forum Archive ] [ Active Engineering Forum ]. luket (Mechanical) (OP) 9 Dec 09 12:39. Posted By" ">Steve on October 18, 2002 at 16:49:54:. Click Here to join Eng-Tips and talk with other members! FS19 mods - website where you will find a lot of mods of Farming Simulator 19 mods. : I am trying to explain grain direction and need a picture of L, LT & ST to define. The L direction is the direction the aluminum sheet is rolled, therefore the grain axis is aligned with the longest axis of this ellipsoid. ; Close this window and log in. The first letter designates the grain direction normal to the crack plane. The three directions are: longitudinal, long transverse, and short transverse. document.write(' ') First, classically, since many metallic alloys have a very distinct grain structure and alignment, the grain structure is defined in 3 perpendicular directions: L (longitudinal), LT (long transverse) and ST (short transverse). Production breakdowns due to seal and hose problems can cause huge losses. Grain Direction Is Important. Is there a test that can be done to determine grain direction of stainless 301 1/4 hard sheet? A grain flow is a type of sediment-gravity flow in which the supporting fluid, which can be either air or water, acts only as a lubricant, and grains within the flow remain in suspension due to grain-to-grain collisions that generate a dispersive pressure to prevent further settling. Now think about two compact tension specimens, the ASTM standard. I would suggest using the web site below and search using key phrases like "heat treatment of steel affects on fatigue crack propagation", "fatigue crack growth and grain size in steels", etc. < "> Mechanical properties are also used to help classify and identify material. This eBook addresses the missing links that determine success or failure in Digital Transformation and shows how organizations can build a sustainable path forward, with fewer resources, in less time, and with better outcomes. Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Privacy Policy. Grain flows are very common in aeolian settings as grain avalanches on the slip faces of sand dunes. The crystalline lattice structures form during the cooling of the … *Eng-Tips's functionality depends on members receiving e-mail. The energy industry is faced with a tumultuous landscape of challenges that include rising costs and increased market volatility. The grain flow determines the strength of the metal piece. Subject: Re: Grain Direction. The fatigue fracture at that time, in several cases occurred, were very clearly related to these bands. The rolling directions affect the microstructure and texture of Mg-5Li-1Al-0.5Y alloy, thus making influences on the mechanical properties of the alloy. In this white paper, you will learn how real-time 3D technology can enable this optimization at all stages within the energy industry. A wide variety of material grain direction options are available to you, such as usage, type. K(IC) in S-L Direction: Fracture Toughness: 31 MPa-m½: 28.2 ksi-in½ K(IC) in T-L Direction: Fracture Toughness: 35 MPa-m½: 31.9 ksi-in½ K(IC) in L-T Direction: Shear Modulus: 26.9 GPa: 3900 ksi : Shear Strength: 303 MPa: 44000 psi AA; Typical: Electrical Properties These grains vary in size and in orientation but are usually microscopic and their direction is determined by the processing conditions. { The most common properties considered are strength, ductility, hardness, impact resistance, and fracture toughness. A wide variety of material grain direction options are available to you, such as dining room furniture, uv gel. Grain orientation and loading direction per ASTM B769 b. As applied to cloth, the term refers to the way the fibers are woven. If you want to specify the rolling direction on the sawn material, in the example below it will be 300 mm. In any case, the orientation of fibers tends to make the material stiffer in the direction parallel to those fibers, and more flexible and likelier to curl in the direction perpendicular to them. The literature and writing on this subject is almost as expansive as the universe. } About 1% of these are material handling equipment parts, 1% are packaging bags, and 1% are water treatment chemicals. Speaking for aluminum alloys alone, think of the grain as being generally shaped like an ellipsoid, with one axis very long relative to the others, and the two other axes almost equal in dimension. Definition: Forging Flow Lines is a directional orientation of metal grains and any non-metallic inclusions that have been deformed due to forging. A ... if yes, which properties are they - the original L or LT? In metals, atoms are arranged in a crystal structure (it is not just a mess of atoms, the atoms line up in rows). Disclaimer. The changing of rolling directions can refine the grains. Login. Imagine, you’ve got a piece of wood. The Forging Industry recognizes "L" sometimes described as "LG" or longitudinal, LT, long transverse and ST, short transverse grain directions. So, from time to time we need to show the direction of the grain on sheet metal parts. All mods you can download for free. Quality is at the core of everything we do. Every piece of woven fabric has two biases, perpendicular to each other. A grain is a region where the atoms are aligned. This process has a tendency to pull the grain axis in the L direction, therefore elongating it, and squish the grain in the other two directions. Reasons such as off-topic, duplicates, flames, illegal, vulgar, or students posting their homework. If anything, the ST direction axis is usually shorter than the LT direction axis. Therefore, it is customary to specify specimen and crack orientations by an ordered pair of grain direction symbols. If batches of parts are being bent with some against, some with and others diagonal to the grain direction of the steel, each angle and dimension may vary across the entire batch. Base Flange Versus Sheet Stock. The material at the time had a distinc banded structure due to some structural inhomogenity. Alibaba.com offers 833 material grain direction products. About 0% of these are Electronics Chemicals, 0% are Paper Chemicals, and 0% are Leather Auxiliary Agents. One set was stretched to 3-5% in the 0°, 45°, and 90° angle with respect to the original rolling direction. document.write('
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