The country is the homeland to 125 caste/ethnic groups, 123 languages and 10 religious groups.2 The total population of Nepal is 26,494,504.3 Among them, indigenous peoples (IPs) comprise 35.8 percent of the total population. Buddha was borned in Lumbini, Southern part of Nepal. Newars are divided internally into distinct cultural groups of over 25 occupation… The groups are delineated using language, ethnic identity or the caste system in Nepal. Hinduism – the most widely followed religion in Nepal – has been particularly influential in Nepalese society, yet it can be interpreted in many different ways. According to the 2001 national census, ninety two different living languages are spoken in Nepal (a ninety third category was "unspecified"). [10][11][note 1][12], Teej celebrated by women of Khas community, Banras/Shakya Buddhist priests of Newar group, Children from isolated Danuwar ethnolinguistic group, Limbus playing traditional chyabrung, Ilam, Nepal, Senior offering Dashain Tika; a feature of Khas Parbattia community, Khas man of Nepal, as depicted in The People of India (1868-1875), List of ethnic caste-groups in Nepal by population, Pages 191/192 of the total pdf or pages 156/157 in the scanned material shows Nepalese castes/ethnic groups, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), "Economic and social structures that may explain the recent conflicts in the Terai of Nepal", "Population Monograph of Nepal Volume II (Social Demography)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethnic_groups_in_Nepal&oldid=992945834, Articles needing additional references from March 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 December 2020, at 23:40. Nepal has been since long known as a multi-ethnic, multilingual and multicultural country. Influenced by Hindu caste systems and originating from Indo-Aryans. Dalits are routinely denied access to religious sites, they face resistance to inter-caste marriages, refusal by non-Dalits to handle water touched by them and many other forms of discrimination. They are politically and socially very well established in Nepal. in Nepal occurs in the Kathmandu valley during the reign of the Newari King Jayasthiti Malla (1380- 1394) where 64 different castes were allotted different tasks and ranks in the hierarchy. It is the […] Caste discrimination involves massive v The Dalits live at the bottom of Nepal’s traditional social order, known as the caste system, a 2000-year-old Hindu custom that violates civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights by many international standards. The Tamang, Newar, Kami, Madheshi Muslims, Yadav, and Rai peoples collectively constitute around 25% of the Nepalese population. This unsystematically and suddenly issued, indefinite lockdown by the Nepal Government has worsened the lives of so-called lower caste families. From a gender perspective, Newari women are the most literate and lead in every sector. The caste system is divided into four folds which are Brahman (priests and scholars), Kshatriya (warriors), Vaisya (merchants and traders), and Sudra (laborers). Almost half of Nepal’s Dalits live below the poverty line. Specifically, Brahmin women experience less equality due to their predominately rural living conditions which deprives them of access to certain educational and healthcare benefits. Caste system was active until 1950 but Government of Nepal officially announced that caste system was illegal in Nepal in 1962. “The lowest caste is that of Chyamkhalak, since (its members) take food left over by all other castes, from Upadhyaya to Pode,” begins the 1854 Muluki Ain law on untouchability, which then goes on to define the various ritualistic food pollutions that are at the crux of caste hierarchies in Nepal. The Gorakha's are also Yadav's (but many of them have forgotten their Yadav lineage). Members of a high caste enjoy more power, wealth and opportunities while members of a low caste perform menial jobs. THE caste system is a classification of several hereditary groups of hierarchical social class. Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha ("the awakened one"). The case of Newār is exceptional. Endogamy carves out ethnic groups in Nepal. Among many such traditions, there exists one in which a young and living goddess is worshipped; Kumari. It is originated in the form of a continuous process long before history began, as a myth. Over the years, depending on the culture, the caste system has taken different meanings for different persons. Ethnic groups in Nepal are a product of both the colonial and state-building eras of Nepal. The Nepalese caste system was therefore derived from this first Hindu version. Their life expectancy is lower than the national average, and so is their literacy rate. Caste discrimination is the shame of modern Nepal, and those are just a few examples. List of ethnic caste-groups in Nepal by population. There are about 70 castes, Buddhist as well as Hindu, covering approximately the same spectrum as the caste system of India. Caste Guest Writer-September 11, 2020 0 Endogamous marriages are the ones that take place within a particular social group such as caste, clan, tribe, gotra, etc. Within the caste system in Nepal the leading group is called the Brahmin, then the Kshatri, the Vysys and the Shudra. The Newar have a wide range of occupations. Hinduism is the predominant and indigenous religious tradition of South Asia. This history of exclusion coupled with poor prospects for improvement created grievances that encouraged many in ethnic communities such as Madhesi, Tharu and Kham Magar to support the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and various other armed Maoist opposition groups such as the JTMM during and after the Nepalese Civil War. They do have their own customs, traditions and culture. Impure. Order in Paradox: Myth, Ritual and Exchange among Nepal's Tamang, 1989. Like many countries, since March 24, 2020, Nepal has adopted a countrywide lockdown as a primary measure of controlling the transmission of COVID-19. It includes a set of beliefs, values, and practices based on the teachings of a spiritual leader. Untouchable. Hindu is the dominant religion in Nepal with Buddhism also dominating portions of the ethnic groups. Specifically, Brahmin and Chhetri (Indo-Aryan) have advantages. The population wise ranking … Thus, Newars are at the top of the Human Development Index. [2], Since Nepal's unification, various indigenous languages have come under threat of extinction as the government of Nepal has marginalized their use through strict policies designed to promote Nepali as the official language. The Caste Hierarchy and the State in Nepal: A Study of the Muluki Ain of 1854, 1979. follow this system. Answered March 9, 2016 Yes,Newar is not a single caste its a community, in newar communnity there are complete caste system. They are categorized by common culture and endogamy. Tribhuvan University began surveying and recording threatened languages in 2010 and the government intends to use this information to include more languages on the next Nepalese census.[3]. Densely Rai populated district of Nepal are: Khotang, Solukhumbu, Bhojpur, Udaypur, Okhaldhunga. Size of various ethnic/caste groups in the total population was hardly known. He… Religion is the belief in a god or in a group of gods. Most of the Newar are Hindus, but some practice an Indian form of Buddhism. The word ‘Kumari’, originally, comes from the Sanskrit word ‘Kaumarya’, which means a princess. Nepali was the national language and Sanskrit became a required school subject. Semester 7 Section 9 contains the conclusion of the project, and gives an answer to the thesis statement based on the findings in the analysis and discussion. Mix all that with 103 distinct groups speaking 92 languages and it becomes vastly complicated in Nepal which unfortunately in turn gives power to certain influential people today. Hinduism is formed of diverse traditions and has no single founder. These various cultural groups belong to four distinct language groups: Maithili, Bajika, Bhojpuri, and Awadhi. Holy water is water which has been sanctified by a priest or by making contact water with special metal (gold) for the purpose of blessing of persons, places, and objects; or as a means of repelling evil. The negotiated end to this war forced King Gyanendra to abdicate in 2008. Certain racial groups are strictly denied rights or benefits, or receive preferential treatment. Various native ethnic groups inhabit scattered in many places of Nepal. Kshatriya… The Newar population of Nepal was estimated to be about 1,250,000 in the early 21st century. The caste system has played an influential role in Nepal’s social, economic, and political landscape. They are landless and much poorer than the dominant caste population. However the basics of it are as follows. "Drafting the 1990 Constitution." Issues of ethnic and regional equity have tended to dominate the agenda of the new republican government and continue to be divisive. In newar community there are abt 67 different castes. Based upon the 2011 census, the major languages spoken in Nepal are Nepali , Maithili and Bhojpuri. [citation needed], Nepal's diverse linguistic heritage evolved from three major language groups: Indo-Aryan, Tibeto-Burman languages, and various indigenous language isolates. Hinduism in Nepal. The caste system in Nepal, for example, is broadly similar to the caste system in India. It is a complex system which is defined by many elements such as birth right, ethnicity, occupation, power and financial status. Hutt, Michael. Iijima, Shigeru. A title of certain legislatures, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modelled after that of the United Kingdom. Vihema sindura satasata garne —> jhangada #. The Nepal Monitor, a Nepali human rights organisation, has recorded 26 cases of caste-based discrimination or violence so far this year. Progress has be… In Nepal, group of caste … There are three major communities in Nepal's caste-oriented society -Khas, Newar and Maithil. However caste prejudice continues in Nepal in many places. Most higher caste people are in positions of leadership, while Dalits are held back economically, socially, culturally and politically. Rai people are mostly live in far Eastern part of Nepal. Later Ram In this system, the … Children who spoke Nepali natively and who were exposed to Sanskrit had much better chances of passing the national examinations at the end of high school, which meant they had better employment prospects and could continue into higher education. It is not a phenomenon of recent emergence. People from Tibet those migrate to North of Nepal. Nearly 6% of the total population of Nepal is occupied by the Tamangs. Discrimination based on caste, as perceived by UNICEF, is prevalent mainly in parts of Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Japan) and Africa. The actual … The four Varnas in Nepal: 1. To be more specific in classification, Thagadhari, Matwali, Pani Nachalne Choichto Halnu Naparne and the Pani Nachalne Choichto Halnu Parne were created. Language: Rai people speak their own mother language ‘Rai’. Polluted. The caste system was first introduced to Nepal by the Hindu caste groups, which migrated to Nepal around the 12 th to 15 th centuries. Holmberg, David. Newars are one of the major castes of Nepal. 12 Feb, 2016 in SOCIETY. In some parts of Nepal, Dalits are … On the other hand, children who natively spoke local languages of the Madhesh and Hills, or Tibetan dialects prevailing in the high mountains were at a considerable disadvantage. Hindu varna system highlights these castes as high castes and makes them favorable in higher social status due to favorable social norms, values, and laws. Ida Lykke Jensen The Caste System in Nepal 17.01.2013 Zalla Mandozai - According to the youth 5. In 1962, a law was passed making it illegal to discriminate against other castes led all caste to be equally treated by the law. Because of the Hindu subjugated law until 1990 it was vigorous in the society but …show more content… The caste system is a religious part (based on Hinduism) so it … There is similarity in the social structure of Khas, Newar and Maithil communities. The Gorakha is derived from Go + Rakha or the protectors of Cows or keeper's of Cow's which implies to Yadav's. Pahari Hill Hindus of the Khas Gorkha tribe (Brahmin/Bahun and Chhetri castes) and the Newar ethnicity dominated the civil service, the judiciary and upper ranks of the army throughout the Shah regime (1768–2008). Feudalism was a set of political and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the ninth and fifteenth centuries. Many Nepalis combine traditional practices with their religious worship; Hinduism and the practice of ‘puja’ is commonly intermingled with shamanism. Das or Dash being 10 in Nepali, dashnami includes people having 10 last names (Surnames/family names). Over the last few weeks, I have seen many opinions on social websites and electronic media concerning the merits of reservation (affirmative action) for different caste or ethnic groups. Hinduism is formed of diverse traditions and has no single founder. [9], The population wise ranking of 125 Nepalese castes groups as per 2011 Nepal census. A caste is an elaborate and complex social system that combines elements of occupation, endogamy, culture, social class, tribe affiliation and political power. Today, in Nepal 20% to 25% of their population consists of Yadav's. [4][5][6][7][8], Bahun and Chhetri castes form the historical topmost state elites' circle with the significant majority of leadership in executive, legislative, judicial, constitutional, local administrative bodies, bureaucracy, political parties and social organizations. In Michael Hutt, ed., Nepal in the Nineties, 1994. Based on words from Prithvi Narayan (founder of the Shah dynasty) there are 4 Varnas (main groups) and 36 castes in Nepal. Kumari is a pre-pubescent girl chosen from the Shakya or Bajracharya caste of Newari community of Nepal. Religion is a set of beliefs, symbols, and practices based on the idea of the sacred, that unites believers into a socio-religious community. Rai caste is one of listed ethnic group of Nepal. According to National census of 2001 its population is 635,751. The Nepali caste system is largely similar to that of India. Daily Hours of Sun ShineTemperature (celcius in shade)Rain Fall. Besides, there is a separate community consisting of tribes, the ethnic groups. In Nepal, as nearly everywhere in India, everyone knows what caste or ethnic group he or she belongs to (Gellner 2007:1823). It refers to a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe. The CBS, 2001 recorded 43 caste-origin Hindu groups in … They are the indigenous people of the Kathmandu valley the and its surrounding areas in Nepal and the creators of its historic civilization. Brahmin– traditionally priests, scholars and educators 2. Indigenous languages which have gone extinct or are critically threatened include Byangsi, Chonkha, and Longaba. Hinduism is often referred to as Sanatana Dharma (a Sanskrit phrase meaning "the eternal law") by its adherents. In places where it continues, it not only dictates one's occupation, but dietary habits and interaction with members of other castes as well. Today, even after the end of a 10-year-old Maoist conflict, the upper caste dominates every field in Nepal. The social structure of the caste-origin Tarai Hindu groups is complex, reflecting four Varna groups with distinct hierarchical structure within them. Affirmative action or positive discrimination, known as reservation in India and Nepal, is the policy of favouring members of a disadvantaged group who suffer from discrimination within a culture. That is to say, they all have four castes: Brahmin, Chhetri, Vaishya and Shudra. 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