Most other hospitalizations were caused by injuries from the efforts to reduce the effects of the floods. Tents have been shown to be very useful for those families repairing their houses. The scale of the disaster was immense. During the first week of August new rains in central Hubei and Hunan provinces ⦠91. 61. 74. Stay at Yangxin County for the night, 08:00-12:00 - Field visit to Yangxin County by boat Along the dykes and in the relocation camps, medical clinics were well organized to provide free health care. 93. Only in this way is farming possible, as the rivers often flow at levels considerably higher than the surrounding farmland (reportedly by more than 7 meters during the flooding). 108. The floods created lakes of more than 8000 sq. North-east China is a major grain producing area and the impact on the rural economy has been profound. 104. Time: September 8-16, 1998 The MOH may need assistance in setting up this system, but it seems that they have the manpower and structure to implement it through the Epidemic Prevention Stations. Open training opportunities in the humanitarian field. Multiple studies also suggest that global warming is likely increasing the intensity of the monsoon in ⦠ReliefWeb Labs projects explore new and emerging opportunities to improve information delivery to humanitarians. 45. It was noted that China's advanced prevention policy, based on timely predictions/forecasting and early warning, greatly contributed to the outcome of the struggle against the floods. The 300,000 homeless in this province must not be neglected. Most of the displaced people were found in small groups. Due to destruction of forests in the formally heavily forested mountains, it is reported that silt from erosion also continues to raise the bottoms of the rivers each year. Representatives from the Ministry of Civil Affairs and Governmental representatives from provincial and county level accompanied the two UN missions. The mobilization of people and resources and a clear strategy to fight the floods has been evident at both provincial and county level. Numerous schools have been damaged by the floods and all pupils that are attending school on dykes use temporary shelter (mainly tents) provided by the Government. Ma Huiyan, UNDP, China The greatest damage was not from flash flooding, however, but unprecedented floods from breached embankments from the Yangtze river, its tributaries and lakes and from severe waterlogging which prevented water from draining into the rivers due to their record high levels. Yangtze River floods, floods of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) in central and eastern China that have occurred periodically and often have caused considerable destruction of property and loss of life. It put the number of dead at three and evacuations at more than 15,000. Members of the UNDAC/inter-agency mission: The fertile land surrounding the Yangtze river is densely populated and areas that previously were flood banks are now increasingly inhabited. 42. 54. The needs of the affected population would have been a staggering burden for the provincial government at any time but the floods have come a year after a severe drought in the north-east. United Nations assessment team found evidence of this in some of the remote hamlets. There is no overall shortage of food in the north-east. Many of the counties in these two provinces were designated "poverty stricken" by the national or provincial government prior to the floods. It is the protection of the flood victims against the winter weather, which is now central to the relief operation. The provincial government would like to see essential services restored as soon as possible. There is not thought to be a danger of an epidemic. 85. 58. The oil field at Daqing was also affected with 1,300 of the 10,000 wells flooded. Crops and houses in the three most affected provinces of Hubei, Jiangxi and Hunan have been submerged by up to 6 metres of water for more than two months and the water level is not expected to recede for another two-three months. While the destruction of these fields was complete and a hardship for farmers, most farmers would have lost only one crop of rice and replanted the second crop in August. 77. The coming colder season will however pose a problem since the tents will provide no warmth. In the first 3 days of the evacuation, ready-made food was provided. Among the most recent major flood events are those of 1870, 1931, 1954, 1998, and 2010. Kevin Kamp, FAO China. in the two provinces which have a population of 63 million. In nine days, the mission travelled over 1,300 km by bus, at times on diversion roads and in poor conditions due to the flooding. V. Means of delivering international assistance. 76. At the end of August, direct economic damage was estimated at over US$ 20 billion. Whatâs new: China will invest 100 billion yuan ($15.2 billion) to reinforce reservoirs across the country over the next five years to enhance Chinaâs flood prevention capabilities, the Ministry of Water Resources announced Monday. 2. 63. The responsibility for the organization of the disaster relief work at national level belongs to the Department of Disaster and Social Relief within the Ministry of Civil Affairs. Others require plastic sheeting and other supplies to repair their houses. It should be noted that, prior to the UNDAC/United Nations inter-agency mission, two in-country assessment missions had been carried out as follows: 10. Daily reporting is required for cholera and plague. There was an extensive loss of crops, particularly rice, maize and cotton. Another 34 people were missing. 68. There were two types of destruction of the standing crops. Terje Skavdal, UNDAC This is now urgently needed and must be provided within the next six weeks. Each county has supplied a list of their priority requirements (broken down into unit costs). 105. 1. c. restoration of essential services The determination of these villagers to rebuild their homes could be encouraged by the Red Cross and The All China Women's Federation who are also able to provide low key inputs (plastic sheeting, hand-tools, small quantity of bricks, winter-clothing and quilts). The dark and light shades of blue represent the conditional changes; Superimposed image - Normal/Flooded situation, (ERS-1) 09 June 1993 – (ERS-2) 01 August 1998, Hatoyama (Japan) 1993, Ulan Bator (Mongolia) 1998. Surveillance activities have intensified since July 1998. China has more than 98,000 reservoirs in total, and the ministry has been ⦠102. In the camps, the mission members had free and extensive access to interview individual victims at random and to review the situation and the most urgent needs. The effects of excessive rainfall due to climatic circumstances were compounded by deforestation, soil erosion and the population increase in the fertile plains surrounding the Yangtze river. More than 200,000 persons were injured with thousands hospitalized. With the flood water still receding it will not be possible to assess the area of arable land for cultivation next year before mid October. 39. Therefore, rodenticides (Stratagem) and pesticides (such as Fendona) will be necessary to control the situation and prevent outbreaks such as plague, haemorrhagic fever and malaria. In the summer of 1998, China suffered the worst floods in over 44 years. C. FIELD REPORT FROM THE NORTH-EAST PROVINCES (JILIN AND HEILONGJIANG) SEPTEMBER 9 - 16, 1998, 69. The mission focused on immediate relief needs of the most vulnerable populations at risk. Although the number of flood victims is very large, many of them are concentrated in a few very severely affected counties. 71. d. restoration of agricultural production The extensive flooding in Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces has displaced more than one million people and in one place flooded 8000 sq. FIELD REPORT FROM THE YANGTZE RIVER BASIN IN THE SOUTH (HUBEI, JIANGXI AND HUNAN) SEPTEMBER 8 - 16, 1998. b. coal for heating/cooking Population: 41 million, 167,000 sq. The most vulnerable food stores should be moved to more secure locations. The fight against the flooding is almost over, but the fight against exposure to the severe winter weather has only just begun. These include the repair, rebuilding and equipping of local schools and health clinics. There has been a consistent request for the following items: 1. In the longer term perspective, an in-depth assessment mission needs to be carried out when the water recedes in order to assess the damage and identify medium-term needs to facilitate the recovery of the agricultural activities in the region. Disaster situation in Hubei, Jiangxi and Hunan. In the more remote areas some hamlets had received very little or no aid at all. Recommended emergency relief items include; medicines (in particular antibiotics and ORS); pesticides such as Rodenticide (Stratagem) to eliminate the rodents and insects; bleach powder and chlorine for purification of contaminated water; vehicles to transport medical teams and basic medical supplies, while maintaining the cold chain. The Ministry is responsible for the overall mobilization of national resources, and is also playing a role in the coordination of international aid. The displaced on the dykes have already lived under extreme conditions for over two months, and since the high water will not recede completely for another two-three months, their situation is critical. They have been staying in camps for over two months, and will have to stay another two-three months, until the water recedes. The UNDAC/United Nations inter-agency mission identified the following priority needs for immediate international assistance, as described in this report; 18. Early warning systems were still in place in locations visited by the mission. 3. Fund-raising campaigns were organized, and relief supplies resulting from them were distributed to the flood victims. The statistics have been useful in that they showed the scale of the problems facing the provincial governments but more focus was needed to highlight the specific needs of the most vulnerable groups and this has now been requested. Stay at Daan City for the night, 08:00 - 12:00 - Field visit to Daan County Village clinics, township clinics and centres, and county epidemiology prevention stations (EPS), and health facilities have been destroyed or badly damaged by the water. 13:00-18:00 - Travel by bus to Pai Zhou and field visit to Pai Zhou (by boat, 70km) The winter weather can be very severe and traditionally the maize stalks are used for fuel. The dykes are unprotected, with narrow banks only a few meters wide with water on both sides, and the people are totally exposed to the sun, wind, cold and rain. The mobilization of people and resources on provincial and county level and a clear strategy to fight the floods has been evident. Unless this water is removed before the end of October it will freeze and there is a risk that planting will be delayed. 12. The continuation of FAO's current programme of seeds and fertilizers for farmers is appropriate and timely. 14. The mission noted a lack of vehicles for the transport of temperature-sensitive medicines and vaccines (cold chain) and the medical teams. In June and July the provinces in the Yangtze river basin were hit by storms and torrential rains. It is vital that international assistance be provided now, to meet the immediate relief needs and to prevent a major catastrophe in the months to come. The Government reports such agricultural losses at 2.8 million hectares of farmland affected of which 1.8 million were totally destroyed as well as losses of tens of thousands of pigs and draught animals (cattle and water buffalo) and hundreds of thousands of fish ponds. Disaster features: breaking of embankments due to heavy rainfall on rivers flowing to Lake Boyang (the largest lake in China) already at the end of June, breaking of dykes on Lake Boyang, dykes burst on tributaries of the Yangtze as well, most affected area Boyang county. 15. The farmlands surrounding the Yangtze river and associated tributaries and lakes are protected by thousands of kilometres of dykes. The UNDAC/United Nations inter-agency mission recommends that appropriate institutions of the United Nations system should undertake a comprehensive assessment of rehabilitation and reconstruction needs when the water recedes. The Office of Civil Affairs within the provincial government also reports to the Department of Disaster and Social Relief in Beijing. However, many are still living in the remains of their homes and require building materials for repairs or to build emergency shelters. Over 2.9 million flood victims are living in insufficient shelter on the dykes along the Yangtze river basin. Provincial authorities stated that the 1998 disaster was worse than the one in 1954. At no point throughout the field trip did the United Nations assessment team observe more than 400 displaced people living together. The Epidemic Prevention Stations will be responsible for implementing this activity. The Government reportedly provided more than US$ 229 million. According to Chinese government officials, the disaster was also due, in part, to rampant deforestation, causing serious soil erosion, and, in turn, silting. China; Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia (France) Guam (USA) Hong Kong SAR (China) Japan; Kiribati; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Macao SAR (China) Malaysia; Marshall Islands; Micronesia, Federated States of; Mongolia; Nauru; New Caledonia (France) New Zealand; Niue; Northern Mariana Islands (USA) Palau; ⦠78. 98. The government at all levels emphasized the need for the construction of emergency housing for the affected population before the winter, and to restore essential services as their main priorities. In the worst circumstances where dams had burst or flash flooding had occurred, entire houses and their contents have been washed away. Once the emergency is over, the government has a plan to strengthen the national dyke system. The Government has provided basic food in the immediate emergency phase. 49. People living in temporary shelters, are exposed to rodents and insects which may become a major health threat. Official figures indicate that a total of 2.22 million houses have been damaged by the floods in the three provinces. The timing of the flooding in southern China, therefore, could not have been worse from an agricultural standpoint. B. Although, maize and sorghum are the main crops in the region, livestock and fish farms are important not only to the rural economy but in ensuring that the population have a balanced diet. 62. The impact on the rural population affected by the flood disaster is overwhelming. 103. Afterwards, 0.5 kg rice per person per day was distributed. At this time it will be possible to assess the impact of the floods on next year's harvest. The 1998 China floods (1998å¹´ä¸å½æ´ªæ°´) lasted from middle of June to the beginning of September 1998 in China at the Yangtze River as well as the Nen River, Songhua River and the Pearl River. The number of beds occupied in hospitals in Anxiang county, Hunan Province, increased from 800 before the floods to 13,000 immediately after the floods (currently 3,000). This paper examines the main causes ofthe 1998 flood on the Yangtze and addresses a numberof issues related to the exploitation of naturalresources and counter-measures to the flood hazard.The records show that both the amount of precipitationover the catchment and the floodwater discharge ⦠The disaster area has a temperate climate with severe winters. Open job opportunities in the humanitarian field. China: Flooding death toll tops 2,000 - August 6, 1998 Hundreds killed as flood dikes collapse in China - August 4, 1998 Death toll rises from South Korean floods - August 3, 1998 The government stated that each person would get 0.5 kg rice in the future, but that the food would not be free of charge. Water pumps are needed to drain these areas. 48. They live in insufficient shelter made of plastic sheeting, the Government has also provided some tents. The UNDAC Team wishes to thank warmly the United Nations Resident Coordinator and her staff for their support. The magnitude and impact of the flood disaster in the provinces around the Yangtze river in the south of China is overwhelming. The temperature, especially at night, is currently much lower and during the winter, from November to February, the temperature goes down to below zero centigrade. However, in Jingzhou county, Hubei Province (a county not visited by the team because of logistic reasons), 513 cases of schistosomiasis (an increase of 6%) were reported by the county epidemic prevention director. Within those counties the importance of emergency housing cannot be understated. 1951 Manchuria flood China: 1951 3,838 1998 Eastern India, Bangladesh monsoon rain India, Bangladesh: 1998 3,814 1989 Sichuan flood China: 1989 3,800 1978 Northern India monsoon rain India: 1978 3,656 1998 Yangtze river flood China: 1998 3,500 1948 Fuzhou flood China: 1948 3,189+ 2010 China floods, landslides China⦠Disaster features: natural and man-made breaking of dykes on tributaries of the Yangtze, natural collapse of secondary dykes on the Yangtze, waterlogging, flash floods from mountains, most affected area Jingjiang. The overall impact of these combined losses has been the loss of staple and cash crops, draught power and valuable livestock and poultry. Cement, bricks, and timber are required for this. The earliest potential cash crop, vegetables, could be harvested in January/February next year, followed by wheat and rape seed in May. 79. 13:00-17:00 - Briefing by Hunan provincial authority The following are terms of reference for the UNDAC mission to China, 8 - 24 September 1998. At the local level there are townships, administrative villages and hamlets. It is the rural population, dependent on agriculture, who have been seriously affected. Over 1,500 soldiers from the Eastern Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army have arrived in Poyang County to combat rain and flooding in the area. 57. 2. The earliest rice harvest would be in July, 1999. The risk of epidemic was small. As autumn and winter approach, the flood victims on the dykes are totally exposed to the wind, rain and the cold weather. The team observed that in several camps, the authorities had put up lists in central locations, with information on relief materials received and distributed. However, many government grain stores have been flooded and in some counties with 60% of the cultivated land under water, the harvest has been ruined. In addition to rice, the lowland area along the Yangtze River, its tributaries and lakes also produces significant quantities of fish, cotton, wheat, oilseeds, potatoes and vegetables. In fact the unaffected areas will have a very good harvest. The government has stressed that the villages must be rebuilt on the higher ground. The mission recommends that schools, especially primary schools, are repaired and re-equipped. Stay at Yongxiu County for the night, 08:00-12:00 - Field visit to Yongxiu County by boat In July heavy rains resulted in extensive water logging, behind embankments created to prevent flooding from the numerous rivers in the province. Despite the high measles coverage among children in China, measles outbreaks can occur with crowding and the lapse in routine childhood vaccination. The appeal was launched by the UNDMT in Beijing on 23 September 1998, on the basis of the preliminary findings in this report. Medical teams have been sent both from the Red Cross and the Government from within and outside the province to assist. In the southeastern Fujian province, flood killed 50 people, the provincial government spokesman said. Their houses have either collapsed or have been partially destroyed by the floods and most of them have lost all sources of income. A huge number of livestock and poultry on dykes was reported to have perished or been sold as the people had no way to nourish them. 19. The Yangtze River, the longest ⦠Curated pages dedicated to humanitarian themes and specific humanitarian crises. Depending on the local severity and nature of the impact of the floods, housing has been damaged in a number of ways. 44. These are particularly vulnerable to flood damage. Subsection China. 88. 11:30 - Meeting with Ms. Leitner, Resident Representative, UNDP It has hit 27 out of the 31 provincial regions in mainland China, and in some places, water levels have reached perilous heights not seen since 1998, when massive floods killed more than 3,000 people. 13:00-18:00 - Field visit to Daxing Township, Tailai County Three percent of the people on the embankments were hospitalized due to dehydration. 13:00-18:00 - Travel by bus to Yongxiu County, Jiangxi Province (270km) On the day of arrival, the UNDAC mission was briefed in Beijing by the United Nations Resident Coordinator, the United Nations Disaster Management Team (UNDMT) and the Chinese Ministry of Civil Affairs. e. food 90. The north-east is a major food producing region. With the crops destroyed, this is no longer available. 1998 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1998th year of the Common Era (CE) and ... Yangtze River Floods: in China the Yangtze river breaks through the main bank; before this, from August 1â5, peripheral levees collapsed consecutively in Jiayu County Baizhou Bay. The dam has come under new scrutiny after devastating flooding over the past few weeks. 6. 14:00 - Briefing at Ministry of Civil Affairs, Route: Beijing-Hubei-Jiangxi-Hunan-Beijing The mission witnessed the exemplary solidarity of the Chinese people, both in-country and abroad, and at all levels. 35. 55. In the summer of 1998, China suffered the worst floods in over 44 years. 92. 43. This system delivers efficiently to the level of administrative village. The need for oral re-hydration salts (ORS) will be significant. The summer heat wave with temperatures up to +39 degrees centigrade, heavy rains and winds, have aggravated their situation. 20. China, July 1998 - Seasonal summer rains have devastated vast areas of China this year, killing more than 2,000 people, destroying 2.9 million houses and ruining more than 9 million hectares of crops. To increase the agricultural capacity, artificial embankments were constructed and water was pumped out of lakes and rivers, thus creating new agricultural lands. Eva Johansson, UNDAC The standard of water and sanitation for the displaced were often superior to those in unaffected villages. In the south, along the Yangtze river basin, 2.9 million people, who sought refuge on dykes up to two months ago, survive in overcrowded, insufficient shelters under deteriorating sanitary and health conditions. The next rice season will begin in April with the first harvest expected in mid July 1999. Liu Xuerong, WFP, China Our gratitude also goes to all agency participants in the mission for their active and effective cooperation. 6 July 2016. Water-pumps to drain arable land Figs. County medical teams were constantly monitoring the quality of drinking water. The United Nations appeal should contain an allocation for immediate rehabilitation of schools, so that pupils can move out from tents on the dykes as it gets colder in winter. Most of the children have received textbooks and basic study materials. Medical care services and medicine are provided free of charge to the victims. 47. The flood situation has placed a severe strain on the Ministry of Health (MOH), although MOH has experience of emergency management. This mission report has been produced by the UNDAC team with substantial input from representatives of the UN agencies participating in the field missions. Village schools and health clinics 67. 13:00-18:00 - Travel to Boyang County by boat, briefing by Boyang County authority With the flood waters now receding, the fight against the floods is almost over. A large proportion of the affected rural population has lost everything; houses, winter clothes, animals, crops and even the irrigation systems on which they depend in normal years. In August, the large volume of water carried by the Yangtze from mountains in adjacent provinces aggravated the floods. Yichang City, Hubei Province, China, July 2. Their massive mobilization reduced sufferings and the loss of human lives. In Jiangxi province, the mission visited a village that had been devastated by a sudden mountain flash flood. The flat low lying area of north-east China is drained by the Nenjiang and Songhua rivers and their tributaries but rainfall is normally low and drought that affected the region in 1997 is common. RW COVID-19 page: Find latest updates on global humanitarian responses. These people are now homeless and have lost all their sources of income. The UNDAC/United Nations inter-agency mission recommends that in-country monitoring and coordination of international emergency assistance be strengthened, in order to cope with the expected increase in the volume of donations. They are the most vulnerable people and completely exposed to the sun, wind, cold and rain. Participants: Terje Skavdal (UNDAC), Gilbert Greenall (UNDAC), Ma Huiyun (UNDP China), Han Yujiao (MCA), Chen Yonggan (MCA interpreter), 08:10 - Flight 1609 to Changchun The provincial governments would like the majority of new houses to be made of brick and this should be supported. Evolving emergency requirements should also continue to be assessed and appeals made, as necessary. 18:50-20:30 - Flight CA1344 to Beijing, Route: Beijing - Jilin -Heilongjiang-Beijing The provinces have been asked by the UN assessment team to identify these counties and to produce a prioritized list of emergency requirements for each county. It is crucial that international assistance to the flood victims in China be substantially increased, so that the conditions of the displaced people on dykes can be alleviated and their rehabilitation efforts facilitated. A small number of tents donated by the governments of Japan, the Netherlands and Norway were the only evidence of international assistance. It is these counties and the designated "poverty stricken" counties that should be given priority. The team did not visit this place (Jingjiang) for logistics reasons. (If required, telecommunications, for the effective delivery of international assistance); 4. assists in the joint assessment of the emergency situation and international relief requirements stemming from it, with a particular view to the consistency of assessment information and relief programmes across the sectors involved and the identification of priority areas in need of in-depth problem evaluation; 5. reports to the Coordinator and informs him/her of developments in the emergency situation and other information which might be included in field and OCHA situation reports distributed to disaster relief organizations and the international community; 6. assists in the preparation of a report on the assessed needs for immediate international assistance under the leadership of the Coordinator; in this connection, the Team will focus primarily on relief needs, but also indicate requirements in the transition from relief phase to rehabilitation phase, to the extent possible; 7. assists in the preparation of the United Nations inter-agency appeal issued by the UNDMT maintains links with and reports on the progress of its mission to OCHA headquarters throughout the duration of its mission. Stay at Nanchang for the night, 08:00-11:00 - Briefing by Jiangxi provincial authority 46. Medicines, in particular antibiotics, are undoubtedly needed on an urgent basis. Unusually heavy rains have wreaked havoc in central and southwestern China, leaving hundreds dead and disrupting the economyâs post-pandemic recovery. 7. During the first week of August new rains in central Hubei and Hunan provinces pushed water levels of the Yangtze to a third peak and cut power supplies to Hubei's provincial capital Wuhan where water levels have risen to 1.25 meters above danger level. Epidemiological surveillance is extremely important in any disaster situation, but especially where the expected morbidity is very difficult to predict. 4. 13. 14:00- 18:00 - Travel to Harbin and briefing with provincial authority 87. While the government approach in many ways can be seen as a top-down system, there is also a need for an additional approach to meet the needs of vulnerable people among the rural population, especially at the hamlet level. f. low-cost non food items However, at the level of hamlets local officials admitted that they had little control. Farm tractors, important for ploughing, could not be removed before the flood waters rose as the farmers were busy strengthening embankments to prevent even further flooding and damage. In response to a request from the Government of the People's Republic of China on August 27, 1998, a four-person United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) team was dispatched on September 7, by OCHA in Geneva, to assist in the assessment of the situation and the immediate needs of the flood victims. In the medium term improvement in this area should be a priority. The rising waters drove 500,000 people from their homes by the beginning of August. Latest humanitarian reports, maps and infographics and full document archive. Outbreaks of measles or serious water-and food-borne diseases such as dysentery, hepatitis, typhoid and cholera have not yet been reported. This image was acquired on 01 August 1998 over Huarong (200km south-west of Wuhan), and the Yangtze River. Some government food stores were flooded as they were situated on low ground. In 1998, floods on the Yangtze and two northern rivers killed 4,150 people and caused about $36 billion in damages. Some of them are staying with relatives or other families, some in public buildings. Beyond this, the initiative is very much in hands of individual flood victims. Despite the large number of displaced people, the majority of the people are widely dispersed. Improve information delivery to humanitarians supplies ( winter clothing, fuel and quilts have! Evacuations at more than 9 million people 's Liberation Army personnel and others ( farmers villagers. 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