وكان ابوه قائد جيش وهو فارسي المنتسب, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Mehdi Amin Razavi. Al-Farabi's school of philosophy "breaks with the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle [... and ...] moves from metaphysics to methodology, a move that anticipates modernity", and "at the level of philosophy, Alfarabi unites theory and practice [... and] in the sphere of the political he liberates practice from theory". [77] Al-Farabi compared the philosopher's role in relation to society with a physician in relation to the body; the body's health is affected by the "balance of its humours" just as the city is determined by the moral habits of its people. Al Farabi was born in a small village near Farab around 870 AD. "[2] In this regard, Oxford professor C.E. In 942 CE, al-Farabi was invited by Sayf al-Dawla al-Hamadani to live in his entourage mainly in Aleppo. The World's Greatest Seers and Philosophers.. Gardners Books. [2], Henry Corbin writes that the evidence supports the opinion common in Iran that al-Farabi was a Shia Muslim. And as each intellect must contemplate both itself and an increasing number of predecessors, each succeeding level of existence becomes more and more complex. He also wrote a treatise on the Meanings of the Intellect, which dealt with music therapy and discussed the therapeutic effects of music on the soul. * edited by Ted Honderich. Charles Butterworth. Their works embody eternity, wisdom, love and faithfulness. He finished the book in Damascus the following year (331), i.e., by September 943). Saifuddawlah invited Al-Farabi to stay at his court, where he remained for the rest of his life. And it is by choosing what is ethical and contemplating about what constitutes the nature of ethics, that the actual intellect can become "like" the active intellect, thereby attaining perfection. Mykhaylo Yakubovych. Muslim philosophy science and mysticism. pp. Al-Farabi's great contribution in logic was that he made the study of logic systematic by dividing the subject into two categories: Takhayyul ... His book on music, entitled 'Kitab al-Musiqa,' is well known. The first three are the different states of the human intellect and the fourth is the Tenth Intellect (the moon) in his emanational cosmology. (2004). He discussed the topics of future contingents, the number and relation of the categories, the relation between logic and grammar, and non-Aristotelian forms of inference. If this were the case, then it would not be the First Cause, because something would be prior in existence to it, which is also impossible. a perfect intellect. This page was last edited on 1 December 2020, at 14:04. In what follows we will underline important scholarly developments ofthe last thirty years and add useful complements to these listings. 140. Ḥannā Fākhūrī, Tārīkh al-fikr al-falsafī ʻinda al-ʻArab, al-Duqqī, al-Jīzah : al-Sharikah al-Miṣrīyah al-ʻĀlamīyah lil-Nashr, Lūnjmān, 2002. Therefore if one was to define the First Cause, each of the terms used would actually constitute a part of its substance and therefore behave as a cause for its existence, which is impossible as the First Cause is uncaused; it exists without being caused. Studies in Muslim Political Thought and Administration. The sources for his life are scanty which makes the reconstruction of his biography beyond a mere outline nearly impossible. 14 (1961), pp. Al-Farabi mentions "weeds" in the virtuous society: those people who try to undermine its progress towards the true human end. music; Nation; Philosophy; Poetry; Religion; Ruler; Science; Soul; War; Major Works. (1990). He is known for his writing in various fields, including ethics, logic, metaphysics and political philosophy. Instead he played a lute masterfully, reputedly moving his audience from tears to laughter depending on the music. Al-Farabi’s treatise Meanings of the Intellect dealt with music therapy, where he discussed the therapeutic effects of music on the soul. (1994). Ian Richard Netton demonstrates that the great Islamic philosopher al-Farabi (870-950), called "the Second Master" after Aristotle, produced a recognizable school of thought. (2001). 2005. pp. Kitab al-Musiqa al-Kabir (Arabic: كتاب الموسيقى الكبير, English: the Great Book of Music) is a treatise on music in east by the medieval philosopher al-Farabi (872-950/951). Albany, NY: State Univ. 84. Al-Farabi is also considered by many historians and critics to be the most important musical theorist of the Muslim world. Later he died in Damascus in 950 CE. He also wrote a treatise on the Meanings of the Intellect, which dealt with music therapy and discussed the therapeutic effects of music on the soul. Farabi made contributions to the fields of logic, mathematics, music, philosophy, psychology, and education. Thus al-Farabi’s epistemology, from what has been described may be said to be encyclopedic in range and complex in articulation, using both a Neoplatonic and an Aristotelian voice. دوره14، ش161 (اسفند 54): 15-20- . 47, P. 237. One hundred seventeen books are known to have survived. When Al-Farabi finished speaking, the ruler offered him food and drink, which Al-Farabi refused. The World's Greatest Seers and Philosophers, 2005, p. 41, Zainal Abidin Ahmad. basis for amal al-fadhil—"virtuous deed"), while its epistemological level (ilm—"knowledge") was different. Al-Farabi could play his instruments so well as to make people laugh or weep. He stated that "an isolated individual could not achieve all the perfections by himself, without the aid of other individuals," and that it is the "innate disposition of every man to join another human being or other men in the labor he ought to perform." Farabi’s The Great Book of Music is a major source of information on the music of the East and the ancient Greeks’ musical system. Lanham, Md. Al-Farabi (Arabic: ابونصر محمد بن محمد فارابی / Abū Naṣr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Fārābī; for other recorded variants of his name see below) known in the West as Alpharabius (c. 872 in Fārāb – between 14 December, 950 and 12 January, 951 in Damascus), was a renowned scientist andphilosopher of the Islamic Golden Age. كار بريم كه مفيد مفهوم روش فلسفی مشائين باشد بايد كلمه ( استدلالی ) را Al-Fārābī and his school. Al-Kindi's view was, however, a common misconception regarding Greek philosophy amongst Muslim intellectuals at the time, and it was for this reason that Avicenna remarked that he did not understand Aristotle's Metaphysics properly until he had read a prolegomenon written by al-Farabi.[56]. Farabi’s ideas, which influenced ibn Sina (Avicenna), ibn Bajja, ibn Tufayl, and ibn Rushd, also left their mark on the philosophy and science of medieval Western Europe. "[21] Dimitri Gutas notes that Farabi's works contain references and glosses in Persian, Sogdian, and even Greek, but not Turkish. 41. Some other significant influences on his work were the planetary model of Ptolemy and elements of Neo-Platonism,[48] particularly metaphysics and practical (or political) philosophy (which bears more resemblance to Plato's Republic than Aristotle's Politics).[49]. Of course, al-Farabi realized that such a society was rare and required a very specific set of historical circumstances to be realized, which means very few societies could ever attain this goal. Farabi also participated in writing books on early Muslim sociology and a notable book on music titled Kitab al-Musiqa (The Book of Music). Farabi wrote books on sociology and a notable book on music titled Kitab al-Musiqa (The Book of Music). He suffered great hardships during his life, and at one time was the caretaker of a garden. (1995). (1995). [46] He also may have carried out the first experiments concerning the existence of vacuum, in which he investigated handheld plungers in water. Leo Strauss (2013). اين كتاب مسائل اختلافی اين دو فيلسوف طرح شده و كوشش شده كه به نحوی Said Al-Andalusi wrote a biography of al-Farabi. Farabi in The Virtuous City produced a work “written by a… Muslim scholar Abū Naṣr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Fārābī[1] Title The Second Teacher[2] [42], As a philosopher, Al-Farabi was a founder of his own school of early Islamic philosophy known as "Farabism" or "Alfarabism", though it was later overshadowed by Avicennism. He concluded that to "achieve what he can of that perfection, every man needs to stay in the neighborhood of others and associate with them. “فاراب و فارابي“. Manchester: Manchester University Press. A. Müller, Cairo, 1299/1882. Early sources include an autobiographical passage where al-Farabi traces the history of logic and philosophy up to his time, and brief mentions by Al-Masudi, Ibn al-Nadim and Ibn Hawqal. "A Biographical Note on. He argues that al-Farabi was using different types of society as examples, in the context of an ethical discussion, to show what effect correct or incorrect thinking could have. [72][73] The prophet, in addition to his own intellectual capacity, has a very strong imaginative faculty, which allows him to receive an overflow of intelligibles from the agent intellect (the tenth intellect in the emanational cosmology). He also wrote a notable book on music, Kitab al-Musiqa al-Kabir (The Great Book of Music). [39] He is also credited with categorizing logic into two separate groups, the first being "idea" and the second being "proof". [85], 10th century Islamic philosopher and jurist, Psychology, the soul and prophetic knowledge, Practical philosophy (ethics and politics). Abu Nasr al-Farabi is widely regarded as the founder of philosophy within the Islamic world. Al-Farabi wrote a large number of books in several fields that include his original contribution. The book was translated into Hebrew by Joseph ben Judah ibn Aknin. 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